Background: RESPIRATORY ALLERGIES are among the most common ALLERGIES in the world with an increasing number of people affected in recent decades. Determination of allergens prevalence in each area is considered as the first step in prevention of allergic diseases and developing novel and more effective immunotherapies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the most common allergens among patients with RESPIRATORY ALLERGIES in Mashhad, Iran Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study included 1246 people who were referred to Allergy Clinic of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences with RESPIRATORY allergic symptoms from 2012 to 2017 in which a questionnaire containing demographic information was completed and Skin Prick Test was performed for each patient. Results: Among 1246 patients with RESPIRATORY symptoms, there were 1084 patients with allergic rhinitis (87%), 69 patients with allergic asthma (5. 5%), 14 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (1. 1%) and 79 patients with both allergic rhinitis and asthma (6. 3%) with an overall male to female ratio of 1. 18. Rhinorrhea (86. 3%), sneezing (81. 1%) and itchy eyes (68. 4%) were the most common symptoms in patients with RESPIRATORY allergic disorders in this study and the highest rate of sensitivity was to pollens including Salsola kali (82. 3%), pigweed mix (65. 1%), tree mix (51. 7%) and ash (49. 8%), respectively. Conclusion: Generally, Salsola kali seems to be the main allergen in different RESPIRATORY ALLERGIES including allergic rhinitis, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in semi-arid climate of Mashhad, Iran.

Backgrounds and Objectives: House dust mites and cockroaches are important indoor allergen sources causing allergic rhinitis and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the house dust mite and cockroach prevalence using skin prick test (SPT).Materials and Methods: In this study 407 allergic rhinitis and asthmatic patients were evaluated. All patients were tested with the aeroallergens using house dust mix, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and cockroach mix. Data were analyses by Statistical analysis.Results: Total number of 407 patients 212 (52%) males and 195(48%) females, age between 4-70 years, were studied. In asthmatic and allergic rhinitis, the respective positive percentages for house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and cockroaches were 23.3%, 31.7%, 35.6% and 32.9% respectively. Total IgE level elevated in over half of allergic patients.Conclusion: A relatively high prevalence of mites and cockroach sensitivity was found in our study. These figures are is similar with other reports from hot and humid areas.

Background: This study was to determine the prevalence of RESPIRATORY health complaints, allergy symptom, lung functions, and the association between airborne concentrations of chromium and aluminum with RESPIRATORY health and allergy symptoms among machining industry workers in Selangor, Malaysia.Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional comparative study. The RESPIRATORY and allergy symptoms were obtained through the American Thoracic Society (ATS) Adult RESPIRATORY Questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78) modified questionnaire.Results: The MWFs unexposed group had significantly higher TWA 8 airborne aluminum concentration (median=0.24 mg/m3) than the exposed group (median=0.13 mg/m3) (P=0.027). However, no significant difference was found in the airborne chromium between both groups. Significantly higher skin itchiness was reported by the MWFs exposed group. This was further supported by the serum total IgE concentrations which was significantly higher among MWFs exposed group than the unexposed group (P=0.024). The prevalence of total serum IgE was significantly higher for the exposed group (54.3%) than the unexposed group (36.9%). The exposed group reported significantly higher prevalence of cough symptom, morning cough with sputum and health worries caused by metalworking fluids than the unexposed group.Conclusion: This study showed significantly higher allergy and RESPIRATORY symptoms among the MWFs exposed group than the unexposed group.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the most common aeroallergens in patients with asthma and rhini- tis.Methods: The study enrolled 102 participants including 64 patients with RESPIRATORY ALLERGIES (among them 15 were clinically diagnosed as asthma patients, 41 with rhinitis, 8 were both) and 38 healthy controls. All of participants were subject of skin prick tests (SPT) with series of common allergenic extracts. Sera from all participants were tested for total IgE and eosinophil count. To measure airflow limitation and reversibility in asthma patients the pulmonary func- tion testing were carried out.Results: M/F ratio was 1: 1.6 in patients and 1: 0.7 in control group with mean age 28.88 year (SD 13.16; range 6 – 55 year) and 20.47 respectively (SD 1.16; range 19-23 year). The most common risk factors in these patients were total IgE more than 100 IU/ml, eosinophils above 4% and positive family history of atopy. Skin prick testing results showed prevalence rates for allergen groups in this manner: house dust mites 81.3 %, pollens 57.8 %, animal dandruff 12.5% and moulds 4.9%. Polysensitization was common in 51.6% of all sensitized patients being positive to more than one group of allergens.Conclusion: House dust mites are the main sensitizing allergens among our allergic patients as well as healthy con- trols. Next in importance, in all participants, are grasses. This pattern of prevalence was expected based on herbal geo- graphy, climate and specially lifestyle. It was also compatible with the results from studies carried out in places with the same habitat.

Background and Objective: Lophomonas blattarum is a multi-flagellate protozoan that is commensal in hindgut of cockroaches and other insects. The protozoan can cause RESPIRATORY infection in humans. Most cases of the infections with this protozoan have been reported in China. Here, we present a case with chronic RESPIRATORY allergy caused by L. blattarum in Golestan province, Iran. Case Description: The case was a 37-year-old male with history of RESPIRATORY conditions and he was immunocompetent. An athlete. L. blattarum was detected in direct smear examination of sputum, Conclusion: Since we found RESPIRATORY infection in an immunocompetent individual who was also an athlete, it is necessary to study this parasite and its life cycle and transmission methods. It is also suggested to consider L. blattarum infection and treatment with metronidazole in cases of chronic ALLERGIES, especially those that do not respond to treatment.

Background: Local anesthetics are used to provide effective analgesia for many dental, surgical, and dermatologic procedures. Local anesthetics constitute the most commonly used drug group in dentistry. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of skin tests with local anesthetics and to investigate the factors associated with these results in patients in the Faculty of Dentistry who were referred to allergy specialists due to a history of allergy. We aimed to evaluate the results of the test with local anesthetics in patients with a history of atopy. Methods: The results of prick and intradermal tests with local anesthetics of patients inwhomsurgery could not be performed due to their or their relatives’ allergic disease and who were sent to allergy outpatient clinic for testing with the local anesthetics that were planned for use in the Faculty of Dentistry between December 2017 and December 2018 were analyzed. Results: Eighty-two patients were tested with local anesthetics. In 71 (86. 5%) of these patients, no allergy was detected as a result of prick test and subsequent intradermal test. In the study group, prick test was positive in 1 patient (intradermal test was also found positive in this patient), and the intradermal test was found positive with 1: 100 concentrations in 11 (13. 4%) patients. Conclusions: Test positivity with local anesthetics was not significant in patients with history of drug allergy, and history of allergy with local anesthetics. Intradermal test positivity was found to be statistically significant in asthma patients. Treatment should be initiated before dental intervention in atopic patients after having the necessary consultations, and treatment should be initiated with local anesthetic agents associated with fewer reactions in emergency situations in risky patients.

Background: As a common disease among people of almost any age, allergic rhinitis has many adverse effects such as lowering the quality of life and efficiency at work or school. Considering these conditions and the collection of large amounts of data, the present research was conducted on allergic rhinitis and asthma patients' data to extract the common symptoms of these diseases using cluster analysis and the k-means algorithm. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional research was conducted in Mashhad city. The inclusion criteria were affliction with one or two RESPIRATORY allergy diseases diagnosed by an allergy specialist through clinical history taking and physical examination. A researcher-made checklist was used in the present study for data collection. Then, the K-means algorithm's cluster analysis model was conducted to extract clusters (WEKA software (3, 6, 9)). Results: Overall, 1,231 patients met the inclusion criteria. The result of the Cluster analysis consisted of  1: Cluster 1 in allergic rhinitis consisted of 702 patients, and cluster 2 consisted of 382 patients. 2: 46 asthma patients were assigned to cluster 1 and 23 to cluster 2.  3: Also, 60 asthma and allergic rhinitis patients were assigned to cluster 1 and 19 to cluster 2. The most common symptoms in all patients were rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy nose. Conclusion: Overall, Salsola kali was the most common allergen in allergic rhinitis and asthma patients. Also, the most common symptoms in patients are rhinorrhea, sneezing, itchy nose, and nasal congestion. This study can help physicians diagnose allergic rhinitis and asthma in geographical areas with a high prevalence of Salsola kali.